![]() ![]() He is senior investigator and chief of the Neurobiology Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory at the NEI, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Ĭhromatin is a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms. “This is the first detailed integration of retinal regulatory genome topology with genetic variants associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, two leading causes of vision loss and blindness,” said Anand Swaroop, Ph.D., the study’s lead investigator. The study will be published today (October 7, 2022) in the journal Nature Communications. The resulting comprehensive gene regulatory network provides insights into the regulation of gene expression in general, and in retinal function, in both rare and common eye diseases. ![]() These are the fibers that package 3 billion nucleotide-long DNA molecules into compact structures that fit into chromosomes within each cell’s nucleus. National Eye Institute (NEI) scientists have mapped the organization of human retinal cell chromatin. NIH researchers reveal new insights on how genetic architecture determines gene expression, tissue-specific function, and disease phenotype in blinding diseases. If you’d like more MCAT eye anatomy practice, we highly encourage you to check out Magoosh’s MCAT prep.Researchers mapped the organization of human retinal cell chromatin, resulting in a comprehensive gene regulatory network that provides insights into the regulation of gene expression in both rare and common eye diseases. Rather than trying to cram all of the human eye structures and functions into your mind, focus on how these parts work together to create the phenomenon of vision! Here is a basic diagram of the human eye, so you can get a sense of this process:Īs always, the goal of studying isn’t just memorization. Myopia and hyperopia are two types of refractive error. ![]() Errors in refraction cause visual defects which can be corrected by contacts or glasses. Light refracts (bends) as it passes sequentially through the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor. ![]() MCAT Eye Anatomy: Diagram of the Human Eye The blind spot is where the nerve exits the eye. Light sensitive layer over the back of the eye containing photoreceptorsĪrea of the retina with high visual activity due to high concentration of conesĬarries information from the retina to the occipital lobe of the brain. Tough outer coat for protection and muscle attachment Jelly-like substance that fills the inner eye *KEY CONCEPT: Accommodation: altering the lens so the eye can focus on both near and far objectsĬhanges shape of lens during accommodation *KEY CONCEPT: The pupil dilates in low light conditions and constricts in high light conditionsįocuses light, bends to allow accommodation Outermost lens of the eye responsible for the majority of light refractionĬolored tissue that regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the central pupil The Human Eye: Structure and Function Structure Plus, click the link below for a handy PDF version of this overview, and for many other MCAT resources! Also be encouraged to check out our overview of all MCAT biology and biochemistry topics. Want to familiarize yourself with MCAT eye anatomy content? Below, we’ll cover everything you should study: the functions, diagram, and photoreceptor comparison. By Kat Thomson on Jin Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems (Bio/Biochem) ![]()
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